NE Atlantic 2 sites, 46,396 containers, 14,300 tons NE Atlantic 6 sites, 55,324 containers, 23,100 tons Mid/NW Atlantic (9), Gulf of Mexico (2) total 11 sites, 34,282 containers, unknown quantity Mid/NE Pacific Ocean, total of 18 sites, 56,261 containers, ? tones NE Atlantic 3 sites, 7,420 containers, 5,321 tons NE Atlantic 15 sites, unknown number of containers, 74,052 tons and 18 sites off coast of British isles more than 9.4 TBq Ocean dumping of radioactive waste 1946–1993Īrctic 20 sites, 222,000 m 3 and reactor w or w/o spent fuel Pacific Ocean (mainly sea of Japan) 12 sites, 145,000 m 3 One container (net 400 kg) of vitrified high-level radioactive waste has an average radioactivity of 4x10 15 Bq (Max 45x10 15 Bq).Naturally occurring Potassium 40 in all oceans – 14,000,000x10 15 Bq.Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant cooling water dumped (leaked) to the sea – TEPCO estimate 4.7x10 15 Bq, Japanese Nuclear Safety Commission estimate 15x10 15 Bq, French Nuclear Safety Committee estimate 27x10 15 Bq.2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, estimated total 340x10 15 to 780x10 15 Bq, with 80% falling into the Pacific Ocean.1986 Chernobyl disaster total release – 12,060x10 15 Bq.Global fallout of nuclear weapon tests – 2,566,087x10 15 Bq.Together, they dumped a total of 85,100 TBq (85.1x10 15 Bq) of radioactive waste at over 100 ocean sites, as measured in initial radioactivity at the time of dump. The countries involved – listed in order of total contributions measured in TBq (TBq=10 12 becquerel) – were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the United States, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Japan, Sweden, Russia, New Zealand, Germany, Italy and South Korea. France (354 TBq), Germany (0.2 TBq), Italy (0.2 TBq), the Netherlands (336 TBq), and Sweden (3.2 TBq) are within the GB marker. US: United States of America (3,496 TBq), JP: Japan (15TBq), KR: South Korea (?TBq), NZ: New Zealand (1+TBq). Even containers that survived the pressure could physically decay over time.Ĭountry total at the major site. However, some dumping only involved diluting the waste with surface water, or used containers that imploded at depth. Summary of pages 27–120:ĭisposal projects attempted to locate ideal dumping sites based on depth, stability and currents, and to treat, solidify and contain the waste. 1994 (February 20) Total prohibition of disposal at sea came into forceĭata are from IAEA-TECDOC-1105.1993 Russia reported the dumping of high level nuclear waste including spent fuel by former USSR.1990 Estimation of Radiation Risks at Low Dose.1988 Assessing the Impact of Deep Sea Disposal of Low-level Radioactive Waste on Living Marine Resources.1983 Moratorium on low-level waste dumping.
It was powered by a liquid sodium–potassium thermionic converter driven by a nuclear reactor containing around 50 kilograms (110 lb) of uranium-235. 1978 On the 24 January a satellite named Kosmos 954 failed.
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